United Parcel Service Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

United Parcel Service - Term Paper Example It is however, critical to note that the market trends may be more volatile in future to continue to offer unprecedented services. Changing consumer preferences, new technology etc can have a significant influence over the way business may perform in future. The very nature of the industry indicates that it is dominated by very few but large players which control much of the market however; smaller companies operate too to offer low cost solutions. Though the industry is having higher government regulations because of checks and balances however, the overall competition is still concentrated. Due to lack of larger players in other countries, UPS, FedEx and DHL are the major global players in this industry. This report will provide a strategic review of UPS and will also make a comparison of its activities with other players in other countries. More specifically, this report will offer an strategic insight into different factors associated with UPS. Nature of the Product or Service As discussed above, UPS offers parcel delivery service however, over the period of time, it has been able to diversify its product ranges and is now offering a comprehensive package of logistic and supply chain services along with its basic primary service of package delivery. The overall range of services now not only includes general logistics solutions but it now offers very specific and niche market services to hospitality industry also. (Niemann, 2007) It is important to note that technology plays an important role in offering these products and services. Integrated tracking services for parcels are now an important part of the overall product life cycle of the product. It is important to note that alternative or substitute products have been in the market due to technological advancements. Earlier technologies such as fax machines have reduced the need for sending documents especially through courier services. Introduction of email has further reduced the need for sending physical documents. However, the need for other logistics and supply chain services exists but these services are not typically offered to the general consumers and are mostly B2B. It is also important to note that these services are highly price elastic in nature as presence of other players in the market more specifically makes the price competition more sensitive to the changes. Mushrooming of smaller players in the market specially those service small er localities and communities also tend to add more to the competition and resultantly prices remain low and more sensitive to the changes across the whole market. In other countries, similar firms are mostly concentrated into the one segment of the business i.e. parcel delivery and are into the supply chain management services for the local or international firms. Market Trends One of the key parameters of consumer behavior for UPS is the seamless integration of technology with parcel and package delivery services. Consumers prefer to have their goods and packages reach at the right destination, in right time and also require real time tracking of their shipments. E-commerce and technology therefore are the biggest drivers of change in the consumer behavior in this industry. (Strategic Direction, 2003) There has been a continuous growth for the B2C market in what is called free shipping services especially in US. UPS along with other players, in order to attract online customers, c ontinue to offer free shipping ser

I need a research proposal that is related to nursing

I need a that is related to nursing - Research Proposal Example 5 series of 2008, setting new policies/standards and increasing Bachelor of Nursing to a 5-year course from its previous 4-year program. Drawing from perceptions of graduates before and after the CHED Memo NO. 5 ( School Years 2005-2010), the strengths and weaknesses of the old curriculum (SY2005-2009) and the new (SY 2009-2010) can be assessed (Simbulan, p.1). The proposed study will gather data on perceptions of CEU College of Nursing graduates, who passed the Nursing board examination, and have been employed as professional nurses in the country or abroad. Their opinions will be drawn not only from their years of education, but the actual application of their knowledge, competence, and commitment to the profession. Evaluation research shall be applied to determine whether the CHED social intervention produced the intended results, using the method of survey and interview of respondents drawn randomly from the list of practicing CEU nursing graduate-professionals. Response variable s consist in the relevance and effectiveness of (a) the required general education subjects (b) theoretical foundation and fundamentals of nursing practice, and (c) apprenticeship program. Survey instruments shall be farmed out and retrieved by way of e-mail or letters through the assistance of the CEU Alumni Foundation. Both qualitative and quantitative analysis shall be done, utilizing survey and open interview data results.

The Information System Implementation Organisation Information Technology Essay

The Information System Implementation Organisation Information Technology Essay One of the most controversial issues which organisations can face is user resistance to changes. Re-organisation is frequently alongside fear and anxiety, because employee would usually encounter the unknown issues. Usually resistance occurs due to some blind spots in approaches as a result of newly introduced ideas. Nowadays, many managers must be involved with new products, new information system, new government rules, growth and industrial and scientific improvements. Therefore, the value of substantial alterations in an organization is inevitable. As a result, many companies or organisations decide that it is good for theirs organization to undertake moderate organisational changes rather than revolutionized changes. So, the management should find ways to help them overcome the users resistance to changes. The failure of many large-scale corporate change programs can be traced directly to employee resistance (H.Bovery and Hede, 2001). The key point to face the problem is to find out the nature causes of resistance accurately. The purpose of the present essay is to demonstrate various types of reasons for resistance to change, and after that analyzing the different ways to choose strategies for implementing an organizational changes attempt to achieve the aim which is what can be done to overcome this resistance? Sources of user resistance: There are many types of causes which would lead to the users resistance to any organizational changes efforts. To identify ways to manage the situation, user resistance to changes created, successfully, it is logical to firstly identify and estimate the attitudes of users in general. To help recognize and estimate the possible reasons for users resistance to changes in an organization, it is wise: To identify type of users who would resist changes, which means if the resistance occurs in individual users or group users. To identify users needs. To identify users attitude and values which they have. To identify users interests. (2) Here, we discuss on some fundamental reasons of resistance to the shifts. Parochial self-interest Users feel they may lose something which can be a value to them, as a result of organizational changes, therefore they resist the shifts. This is generally known as one of the main forms of resistance within the users. Generally users first preference would be to consider their own interests over those which are in favor of the whole organization. In such a case, resistance usually leads into a political behavior. This reaction sometimes occurs through and before organizational changes, this is due to the fact that something may be in the best interests for somebody or some groups and instead that exact thing is not in the best interests of the whole organization.(1) Misunderstanding and lack of trust Sometimes resistance can occure because of lack of trust between the person who governs the change and the employee in the organization who will become the user of the change. In this case users often resist when they do not have a clear understanding of the situation and therefore they may believe that these new implicated alterations might charge them more than they will gain out of these changes. Substantially, in many organization level of trust between employees and managers are low and therefore it is not unexpected for the misunderstanding to exist, when changes are being introduced. In effect in this kind of situations the initiators can manage the situation with clarifying the changes and the gains due to the changes to the employees quickly to eliminate misunderstanding. (1) Different assessments The third fundamental reason that may cause the user to resist organisational change is that people asses the implication and recent condition in a different ways to their initiators or managers. As a result they may think this change may introduce additional charges which can be more than their benefits, not only the immediate charge to themselves but also to their company and organisation as a whole. Managers who set off changes usually guess that, they have all the appropriate information which is necessary to accomplish organisation analysis whereas their assumption may not be correct. In this case the difference in information with regards to the groups involved with may lead to diverse analysis. As a result of this issue many managers think resistance is always bad so they always treat the resistance in a bad way, whereas in a number of cases the analysis of someone who is not initiating the change is more beneficial than the initiators themselves, so in such case the resistance is clearly good for the organisation and company.(1) Low tolerance for change Users also resist the change because they assume they do not have enough ability to develop the necessary skills and behaviour which is required for new implications. As a psychology aspect generally human beings have limited capability to change and the scope of the limits in someone is much lower than the others. This mentioned discussion can go for managers as well. The managers inability to change their behaviour as fast as the organisations needs can lead to inhabit the development of an organisation. In other words, if a manager with inability to change, understand the need for changes in their company, usually they cannot acquit to make a transition as a result of an emotional backlog. All of the previous behaviour occurs due to lack of tolerance for change in personality. Sometimes users understand new situation which emerge because of changes, and they even understand the gains in implementing the changes however they still resist the changes. For instance, new position for an employee in an organisation requires new relationships, new knowledge, and different manners; even though the new position is better than the previous one, many employees still feel uneasy with the whole transition to the new job. Dealing with resistance to change Managers can set up various strategies to overcome users resistance to organisational changes by using the information which can be gathered from analysing the source of their employees resistance. The goal of employing these strategies is to convince the users with the logic behind the change so the user can accept the shift. There are three levels of adaption which are think-feel-do; these types of adaption process present a fine outline which are to be introduced in this stage. (2) Education and communication The very first step that can help the manager to overcome users resistance to change is to educate the employee in the organisation. Communication of ideas about the new situation helps users to understand the logic behind the change. Management can inform users of the benefits of implementing the changes. Often implementation of new information system in an organisation fails because of lack of communication. Since user in many cases assumes that use of the new system is reluctant, top management should provide training which introduce the new system to the users and explain how the new system works and familiarise the users with the other aspects of the new system. For instance in the case of ERP system (enterprise resource planning system is made available support for organisation activities by incorporating set of programs), management should supply awareness for the user that how the ERP system is going to work. For example, management should describe obviouse inputs and outputs of the system and characterize the departments which will supply the data. (2) Participation and involvement Management and initiators of change can usually prevent resistance by involving potential users in some parts of implication of change effort. On the other hand participation resistors has advantage, initiators can use user advice who involves the implication of change. The research found managers have different feeling about participation, first group have a positive perspective and the latter one have negative. Their perspectives lead to different reaction. Some initiators believe that the user should always participate during the change effort, while others have converse idea. Both approaches can create problem in management area. To clarify the effects of the users participation it is wise to illustrate the study which was carried out by Laster Coch and John R.P.French, Jr., in a clothing factory. It is the most systematic study in relation to resistance to the change. The research has been carried out with four different groups who were being paid on an improved piece-rate. Each groups were allocated with different kinds of changes which were implied during work and use different technique to apply them. During the experimental study, researchers considered on all the finding carefully and recorded them to understand what problem creates the resistance to the change. The first group was known as a no-participation method by the researchers. This small group of operators met the staffs in a room where they have described the changes to the operators in details, the reason of the change and explained to the staff that there was a necessity for change in their work. Then, the operators sent back to their work in new situation and with the new techniques. The second group of operators was familiarised with the changes by a participation-through-representation technique. The work change was introduced to third and fourth group by a total-participation method.

Summary:Cage Aquacultures Environmental Effects :: essays research papers fc

Cage aquaculture in the ocean ouputs large amounts of waste into the surrounding environment. The effluent from the cages has elevated levels of nutrients, waste feed, feces and by-products such as medications for the fish. The effluent has a negative impact on the local environment. The degree of impact depends on the water movement around the cages, the assimilation capacity of the environment around the cages and the rate at which the effluent is produced. The effects of effluent on the environment is considered inconsequential to the inputs from industry and agriculture however. That being said, the ocean floor around the cages tend to be hypereutrophic and completely anoxic up to the surface. They release sulfides and other toxins into the water as a result of reduction in the anoxic conditions of the excess organics in the sediment. The long term effects of these conditions are not known. There are no standards by which to compare internationally the effects of the cages and i t is hard to determine the effects, if any, on areas away from the immediate area surrounding the cages. There needs to be work done on how to reduce feed waste, and how to quantify the effects of the cages on the surrounding environment. To complete this project, more information is needed on operations other than cage salmon in Norway. Bibliography: Record 1 ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts Organic enrichment of sediments from salmon farming in Norway: environmental factors, management practices, and monitoring techniques Carroll, ML*; Cochrane, S; Fieler, R; Velvin, R; White, P Aquaculture [Aquaculture]. Vol. 226, no. 1-4, pp. 165-180. 31 Oct 2003. Record 2 ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts The environmental impacts of marine fish cage farms in the eastern Adriatic. Katavic, I Ribarstvo [Ribarstvo]. Vol. 61, no. 4, pp. 175-194. 2003. Record 3 ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts The degradation of fish-cage waste in sediments during fallowing McGhie, TK*; Crawford, CM; Mitchell, IM; O'Brien, D Aquaculture [Aquaculture]. Vol. 187, no. 3-4, pp. 351-366. 20 Jul 2000. Record 4 ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts The environmental impact of an offshore aquaculture system in the Gulf of Gaeta: a first approach. Ceccarelli, R; Saluzzi, A; Fiore, V; Salerno, A; Barbera, G Biologia marina mediterranea. Genova [Biol. Mar. Mediterr.]. Vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 294-297. 1999. Record 5 ASFA: Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts On the impact of a sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) cage farm on water quality and macrobenthic communities

UK software industry

In the business world strategic positioning has become an unavoidable endeavor as businesses look for every means of improving their competitive advantage. In such a business environment, a much reliable reprieve can be found in the adaptation of analysis models by organizations in their marketing campaigns. PEST analysis models have been utilized by organizations all over the world to determine or predict future trends in business as well as to take preemptive measures to avoid running into losses (Charles, Hill, & Jones, 2006p. 9-98),. Below is a PEST analysis of UK’s software industry. Political factors The political changes in the UK really do impact negatively on the software industry, although of late, there has been a concerted effort to enact legislation to curb software piracy which has been termed as one of the greatest threats to the industry. Currently the anti-piracy law of UK prohibits and sets forth legal measures against perpetrators of the crime and it is anti cipated that this will stamp out the vice that is so rife in the UK. From a global perspective, different political scenarios in different countries where the software industry market their products also impacts on the performance of the industry, for instance, the software industry is affected negatively when other countries which have been traditionally markets for UK software companies change to competitors for instance China and India. This is usually occasioned by regime change in those countries. Gender equality has also had a significant influence of the industry I that, they have been forced to change their labor policies to reflect equal opportunities accorded to all genders. Economic Factors. Although there is a clear-cut difference between political factors and economic factors some happenings in political arenas have had an impact on the economic factors for instance legislation touching on taxation for software products. Currently the economic state in the UK is friendly and no signals point to the contrary. Relatively stable exchange rates, as well as low inflation levels, a steady income growth in the domestic market, have all contributed positively the growth of the sector in the UK and is projected to continue that way into the future. Social Factors. As these determine the buying behavior for customers, the UK market can be said to be mature in that, sales and demand for software products is on the increase, a trend that has continued for the past three years. The fact that, most software products are not viewed as hazardous and there fore are looked at as harmless has contributed to a positive growth of the software market in the UK. This can be evidenced by the fact that, people from all walks of life can purchase different software custom made. There have been few cases of major complaints form the society in terms of their usability and effectiveness of what is on offer in the market. This further strengthens the future position of the sector as far as viability and profitability are concerned. Technological Factors. Advances in this area especially as occasioned by computers, the internet, as well as well as cell phones, has had an impact on software industry in that, production has become cheaper than it would have been in the absence of the above. In the UK, majority of the software companies have invested heavily on technology and this has been reflected in surging profits. In conclusion, from the above analysis it is clear that, the future for software industry in the UK I bright and those businesses which shall capitalize themselves by taking a strategic position are more likely to thrive.

Appearances are Deceiving in Shakespeare’s Macbeth Essay

The Renaissance play The Tragedy of Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare, truly demonstrated a compelling tale of greed, power, and jealousy. The play revealed the turn of a good nobleman into a powerful and greedy king. It showed audiences how one crime led to another and eventually to a gruesome melee. Throughout the tragedy there appeared to be a reoccurring theme stated finest as appearances are deceiving. The audience is first introduced to the theme in the first scene of the play where the witches said the profound phrase, â€Å"Fair is foul, and foul is fair† (I, i, 10). The Tragedy of Macbeth continued to present the idea of images being deceivingly different from the actual appearance. First, in Act I, the key phrase, â€Å"Fair is foul, and foul is fair† (I, i, 10), was expressed as an example of the constant theme. That main phrase foreshadowed how appearances could deceive because, in essence, it stated that good was bad and bad was good. At first, the audience was shown that Macbeth was a gentle nobleman who would despise the thought of killing. However, Lady Macbeth, his wife, was greedy from the start of the play and continued to persuade her husband into killing the king, Duncan. The phrase foreshadowed the change in characters as well, because Macbeth was the â€Å"fair† individual, as his wife would start as the â€Å"foul† one. Further on, Banquo asked Macbeth, â€Å"Good sir, why do you start, and seem to fear / Things that do sound so fair?† (I, iii, 51-52) after he was told news by witches that he would be king. He was asking why he was frightened by good news; meanwhile, the audience knew that the witches were pernicious souls. In that passage, the appearance or sound of the news was good, but the truth was not fully told and therefore was misleading. Next, Lady Macbeth tells her husband, â€Å"Only look up clear / To alter favor ever is to fear† (I, v, 70). She told Macbeth to look composed and that he should not have an altered or worried face because such behavior would be dangerous. If the noblemen had noticed Macbeth acting nervous then he would be a prime suspect for the future murder they talked about. Lady Macbeth’s plan was to be calm and camouflage their guilty appearance, deceiving everyone. She coveted the title of queen to such an extent that she continued to badger her husband into killing the King until he said yes. After, they conspired his murder, Duncan arrived at Inverness, Macbeth’s castle, and said, â€Å"This castle hath a  pleasant seat; the air / Nimbly and sweetly recommends itself / Unto our gentle senses† (I, vi, 1-3). This quote was ironic and again demonstrated the thought that appearances are deceiving. The audience knew that Duncan was going to die there, which certainly not pleasing or nice, as he described the castle. The appearance of the castle’s serenity was deceiving. In Act I, many examples showed outward appearances were in reality deceiving to the characters. Furthermore, three main examples in Act II clearly stood behind the theme of the drama. Looks appeared deceiving first when Lady Macbeth was told about King Duncan’s death by Macduff. Lady Macbeth pretended as if she was shocked by saying, â€Å"Woe, alas! / What, in our house?† (II, iii, 82-83). She asked the question as if she did not know what had happened; her appearance in the situation was misleading to all the other characters. Later in the same scene, another example of Lady Macbeth’s facade occurred when Macbeth started rambling and drew attention to himself. To distract the guests, Lady Macbeth feigned fainting, gasping, â€Å"Help me hence, ho!† (II, iii, 113). She took on the form of a mourning, frightened woman. Soon after her performance, Duncan’s sons, Donalbain and Malcolm, contemplated fleeing. Donalbain commented, â€Å"There’s daggers in men’s smiles† (II, iii, 134). Here he was saying that one of the noblemen was lying–pretending to be their ally when in reality one of them is a wretched murderer. He and Malcolm flew for fear of their own lives, but to others it seemed to be a sign of their guilt, another false appearance. These three examples in Act II fortify the theme of false appearances. Additionally, Act III was replete with examples of the theme. Macbeth told Banquo, â€Å"We should have else desired your good advice / †¦ / In this day’s council; but we’ll take tomorrow[,]† (III, i, 20, 22) even though he knew Banquo will not see tomorrow, for Macbeth was arranging his murder. Then, he calumniated that Malcolm and Donalbain â€Å"are bestowed / In England and in Ireland, not confessing / Their cruel parricide,† (III, i, 29-31) when, of course, he knows they are innocent of any wrongdoing. After Banquo leaves his palace, he told his guests that â€Å"To make society / The sweeter welcome, we will keep ourself / Till supper-time alone[,]† (III, i, 43) when in  reality, he just wants time to consort with men to scheme Banquo’s murder. In a discussion with his wife just before supper, Macbeth tells her to â€Å"Let [her] remembrance apply to Banquo[,]† whilst he knows that Banquo will be dead that night. Macbeth p eriodically deceives his guests with his words. In addition, Act IV of Macbeth abundantly used examples of deceiving appearances. In the first scene of the fourth act, the three witches conjured apparitions for Macbeth. The second apparition, a bloody child, told Macbeth, â€Å"†¦for none of woman born / Shall harm Macbeth† (IV, i, 80-81). Macbeth assumed every person was born of woman; therefore, he was invincible. However, he did not see that the apparition was implying an unnatural birth, a caesarian section; and a false sense of hope was instilled in him. The third apparition, a crowned child holding a tree, proclaimed, â€Å"Macbeth shall never vanquished be until / Great Burnam Wood to high Dunsinane Hill / Shall come against [Macbeth]† (IV, i, 92-94). Macbeth again took this warning as he pleased. The king exclaimed that trees could not uproot themselves and walk toward Dunsinane Hill, upon which sat his house; therefore, Macbeth would never be vanquished. The apparition, however, meant when the wood itself, which could be cut down and carried by people, reached the hill, he would be vanquished. While this was happening, Macduff, a former friend of Macbeth, left in search of Malcolm, the rightful heir to the throne. Macduff needed the help of Malcolm to overthrow the tyrant. When Macduff reached Malcolm, he was unsure if he could trust Macduff so he fabricated a false scenario of what it might be like if he were king. Malcolm told Macduff, â€Å"and the poor state / Esteem him as a lamb, being compared / With my confineless harms† (IV, iv, 53-55). Malcolm made himself out to be an immoral man to test Macduff. Malcolm actually wanted to discover if he could trust Macduff’s intentions. In Act IV, Macbeth was oblivious to the double meanings, but soon after the terrible truth announced itself to the overconfident Macbeth. Finally, in Act V, the three apparitions came true in reverse order, and the second and third apparitions surprised Macbeth with their ambiguous meanings. The third apparition was brought to Macbeth’s attention by a messenger who exclaimed, â€Å"Within this three mile my you see it coming / I  say a moving grove† (V, v, 37-38). Macbeth began to realize the grave meanings of the apparitions. He began to suspect the ambiguous meanings and proclaimed, â€Å"I pull in resolution, and begin / To doubt th’ equivocation of the fiend / That lies like the truth† (V, v, 42-44). Next, the second apparition proved itself true. Macduff came to fight Macbeth, but the king was not at all frightened. Macbeth told his adversary he had no reason to fear Macduff because any person born from a woman could harm him. Macduff replied, â€Å"Macduff was from his mother’s womb / Untimely ripped† (V, viii, 15-16). Startled, Macbeth then realized that the second apparition meant that one born and unnatural birth could slay him. Macbeth was ashamed that he had refused to see the apparitions’ warnings. Macbeth then said, â€Å"And be these juggling fiends no more believed / That palter with us in a double sense† (V, viii, 20-21). Macbeth had been defeated and it was no one’s fault but his own for being close-minded and overconfident. The Tragedy of Macbeth, written by William Shakespeare, had numerous examples of deceptive happenings. The play shows how one evil deed will lead to another. Shakespeare also showed how a person’s character could reverse drastically through the many happenings a person must endure, good or bad. In this case, the change was sparked in Macbeth due to his own greed for power. At the beginning of the play, the phrase was spoken: â€Å"Foul is fair, and fair is foul† (I, i. 10) by the three malevolent witches. Shakespeare’s play kept readers on guard by continuously presenting the idea of images, actions, and words being deceivingly different from how they appeared.

Free Essays on Media And Politics

It is a reasonable expectation that the media will gather the facts and report the news fairly, accurately and responsibly. The American public relies on the media for a great deal of its information. â€Å"The role of the press in American politics has become a major source of discussion and controversy in recent years† (Davis, 1). The question raised in this paper is, â€Å"Does the media present the news fairly, accurately, and completely?† The short answer is no, the long answer will be examined throughout the following essay. This essay will examine the media and its influence and effects on politics and government. â€Å"Publick Occurrences† was the first newspaper to appear in colonial America. This publication begins the history of the media and its effects on politics and government in America. The paper was struck down soon after being published and its publishers arrested. Without the protection of the First Amendment, newspapers had little chance of survival; especially if they were critical of established authority. The first successfully published American newspaper came almost fifteen years later in 1704. It was entitled the â€Å"Boston News-Letter†. Several other papers came into circulation in colonial America and just before the Revolution there were twenty-four papers in circulation. Articles in colonial newspapers were a major source of political pressure in shifting public opinion from reconciliation with England to complete political independence. Thus began the history of the media influence in America and its effects on American government and politics. The number of printed newspapers in America continued to grow and by the end of the Revolution there were approximately forty-three newspapers available to the public. They played an important role, informing the public, in the political affairs of the young nation. In 1791 the Bill of Rights was passed securing the freedom of the press. Protected by the First ... Free Essays on Media And Politics Free Essays on Media And Politics It is a reasonable expectation that the media will gather the facts and report the news fairly, accurately and responsibly. The American public relies on the media for a great deal of its information. â€Å"The role of the press in American politics has become a major source of discussion and controversy in recent years† (Davis, 1). The question raised in this paper is, â€Å"Does the media present the news fairly, accurately, and completely?† The short answer is no, the long answer will be examined throughout the following essay. This essay will examine the media and its influence and effects on politics and government. â€Å"Publick Occurrences† was the first newspaper to appear in colonial America. This publication begins the history of the media and its effects on politics and government in America. The paper was struck down soon after being published and its publishers arrested. Without the protection of the First Amendment, newspapers had little chance of survival; especially if they were critical of established authority. The first successfully published American newspaper came almost fifteen years later in 1704. It was entitled the â€Å"Boston News-Letter†. Several other papers came into circulation in colonial America and just before the Revolution there were twenty-four papers in circulation. Articles in colonial newspapers were a major source of political pressure in shifting public opinion from reconciliation with England to complete political independence. Thus began the history of the media influence in America and its effects on American government and politics. The number of printed newspapers in America continued to grow and by the end of the Revolution there were approximately forty-three newspapers available to the public. They played an important role, informing the public, in the political affairs of the young nation. In 1791 the Bill of Rights was passed securing the freedom of the press. Protected by the First ...

Living Through the Pain of Ankylosing Spondylitis Essay Essays

Living Through the Pain of Ankylosing Spondylitis Essay Essays Living Through the Pain of Ankylosing Spondylitis Essay Essay Living Through the Pain of Ankylosing Spondylitis Essay Essay As I sit following to my sister. Natalie. she seems saddened as she tells the narrative that started her hard journey of covering with a womb-to-tomb disease. As she describes it. â€Å"At the immature age of 13. when my girlfriends were believing about an approaching 1950s-genre sock hop. I found myself in a Milwaukee back brace to handle a curvature of my spinal column called scoliosis. The brace keeps the spinal column virtually immobile. It held my caput in alliance with metal bars. clear down to a plastic cast over my hips. I wore the brace for two old ages and the childs in my school would inquire if I had been in a auto wreck. I subsequently started high school in new Nike tennis places and the awkward metal brace. When I was a sophomore. I developed a terrible intestine redness episode which the physician idea was bacterial dysentery. It was atrocious. and small did I know that this was the start of a series of jobs that are all portion of a chronic disease. About two hebdomads subsequently. I developed painful puffiness in my right articulatio genus. It was terrible plenty to necessitate remotion of an remarkably big sum of synovial fluid. A few yearss after the right articulatio genus seemed to mend. the left articulatio genus swelled up. The same form continued for the following several old ages and the physicians said it was merely arthritis. I so developed an oculus infection called iritis in my right oculus. It was so terrible that it needed daily cortisone injections for 10 yearss. oculus beads and resting in complete darkness. For the following four old ages. I experienced terrible hip ( sacroiliac ( SI ) ) hurting that made walking hard. A pelvic X ray was taken. which showed merger in one of the SI articulations. I was tested and found positive for the HLAB27 cistron. The rheumatologist changed the diagnosing from arthritis to a unequivocal Ankylosing Spondylitis which is a debilitating. painful disease. without a remedy. that would go on to decline throughout my life and would most likely terminal with me crippled and in a wheelchair† ( Rasmussen. 2010 ) Ankylosing Spondylitis ( AS ) is a ruthless. familial disease that makes life really painful and hard for those affected by it. AS affects every bit many as 2. 4 million people in the US today. which is more than multiple induration. cystic fibrosis and Lou Gehrig’s disease combined. Scientists are presently trying to happen out what this disease is. how it is contracted. and what can be done to assist those who have AS pull off their hurting. avoid farther bodily harm and hopefully happen a remedy. Pathophysiology: Ankylosing Spondylitis Ankylosing Spondylitis ( AS ) is a chronic inflammatory arthritis and an autoimmune disease. An autoimmune disease is when the body’s natural immune system. that is supposed to contend against sources or foreign cells that enter your organic structure. misidentify its ain healthy cells as being encroachers and assail them. This can impact any portion of the organic structure or many parts of the organic structure at the same clip. In the instance of Ankylosing Spondylitis. the immune system attacks its ain cells doing arthritis of the spinal column. sacroiliac ( hip ) articulations and can do redness of the eyes. lungs. and bosom valves. It varies from intermittent episodes of back hurting that occur throughout life to a terrible chronic disease that attacks the spinal column. peripheral articulations and other organic structure variety meats. ensuing in terrible articulation and back stiffness. loss of gesture and malformation as life advancements. Signs and symptoms The get downing physical marks of AS normally start to look in late adolescence or early maturity ( ages 17-35 ) . but the symptoms can happen in younger kids or much later in life every bit good. The first symptoms of AS can include frequent hurting and stiffness in the lower dorsum and natess. and symptoms semen on bit by bit over the class of a few hebdomads or months. At first. uncomfortableness may merely be felt on one side. or alternate sides. The hurting is normally dull and diffuse. instead than localized. This hurting and stiffness is normally worse in the forenoons and during the dark. but may be improved by a warm shower or light exercising. Besides. in the early phases of AS. there may be mild febrility. loss of appetency and general uncomfortableness. Many people with AS besides experience bowel redness and iritis or uveitis ( redness of the eyes ) . About one tierce of people with AS will see redness of the oculus at least one time. Signs of iritis or uevitis are: Eye ( s ) going painful. watery. ruddy and persons may see blurred vision and sensitiveness to bright visible radiation ( Van der Linden S. 2009 ) . Changing degrees of weariness may besides ensue from the redness caused by AS. The organic structure must utilize excess energy to cover with the redness. therefore doing weariness. Mild to chair anaemia. may ensue from the redness. which can lend to an overall feeling of fatigue. In a minority of persons. the hurting does non get down in the lower dorsum. but in a peripheral articulation such as the hip. mortise joint. cubitus. articulatio genus. heel or shoulder. This hurting is normally caused by enthesitis. which is the redness of the site where a ligament or sinew attaches to cram. Inflammation and hurting in peripheral articulations is more common in juveniles with AS. This can be confounding since. without the immediate presence of back hurting. AS may look like some other signifier of arthritis. AS is more common in immature work forces than in adult females. Typically. 1 in 200 work forces have AS. whereas 1 in 500 adult females have the disease. The symptoms or form of the disease are different in adult females. Quoting Dr. Elaine Adams. â€Å"Women frequently present in a little more untypical manner so it’s even harder to do the diagnosings in adult females. For illustration. some adult females with AS have stated that their symptoms started in the cervix instead than in the lower back† ( Adams. 2010 ) . The hurting usually becomes relentless ( chronic ) . is felt on both sides. and lasts for at least three months. Over the class of months or old ages. the stiffness and hurting can distribute up the spinal column and into the cervix. Pain and tenderness spreading to the ribs. shoulder blades. hips. thighs and heels is possible every bit good. Advanced AS sick persons finally experience deficiency of spinal mobility due to spinal merger. Spinal merger occurs when harm to the joint and environing bone causes Ca to construct up which acts like a cement to maintain the castanetss from crunching together. Fusion eliminates the hurting caused by the castanetss crunching together. but creates the complication of limited flexibleness or stationariness. Diagnosis There is no direct trial to name AS. A clinical scrutiny and X-ray [ gt ; 0 ] surveies of the spinal column. are the major diagnostic tools. A drawback of X-ray diagnosing is that marks and symptoms of AS have normally been established every bit long as 8–10 old ages prior for alterations to be seen on a field movie X-ray. which means a hold of every bit long as 10 old ages before equal therapies and interventions can be introduced. Options for earlier diagnosing are tomography [ gt ; 1 ] and magnetic resonance imaging [ gt ; 2 ] ( MRI ) of the sacroiliac articulations. but the dependability of these trials is still ill-defined. Besides. MRI can be cost prohibitory ( Thomas E. 1998. pp. 343-7 ) . A physical scrutiny by a physician or rheumatologist is necessary in decently naming AS. The scrutiny would imply looking for sites of redness. and look intoing for hurting and tenderness along the dorsum. pelvic castanetss. sacroiliac articulations. thorax and heels. Other symptoms and indexs are besides taken into history. including a history of iritis or uveitis ( redness of the oculus ) . a history of GI infections ( for illustration. the presence of Crohn’s Disease or ulcerative inflammatory bowel disease ) . a household history of AS. every bit good as weariness due to the presence of redness. The Schober’s trial [ gt ; 3 ] is a utile clinical step of flexure of the lumbar spinal column performed during scrutiny. Ankylosing Spondylitis is considered a familial disease and surveies have linked AS with a familial marker called HLA-B27. However. proving positive for this marker is non a warrant that a individual will contract the disease. Approximately 90 % of AS patients carry the HLA-B27 marker but 10 % who exhibit AS disease features do non. The association between AS and HLA-B27 varies in different cultural and racial groups. 95 % of people in the Caucasic population who have AS trial HLA-B27 positive. However. merely 50 % of African American patients with AS possess HLA-B27 marker. Therefore. 5 % of Caucasians and 50 % of African Americans who have AS do non transport the HLA-B27 marker. In 2007. a collaborative attempt by an international squad of research workers in the U. K. . Australia and the United States led to the find of two cistrons. ARTS1 and IL23R [ gt ; 4 ] . that besides contribute to the cause of AS. The findings were published in the November 2007 edition of Nature Genetics. a diary that emphasizes research on the familial footing for common and complex diseases ( Brionez TF. 2008. pp. 348-91 ) . Together with HLA-B27. these two cistrons account for approximately 70 % of the overall incidence of the disease. Treatment with Medications There are many medicines available to handle AS and its symptoms. Depending on the phase of the disease and its rate of patterned advance. different medicines are recommended. Peoples respond to medicines with changing degrees of effectivity. therefore it may take clip to happen the most effectual medicine for handling person with Ankylosing Spondylitis. Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs ( NSAIDs ) NSAIDs are the most normally used category of medicine used in handling the redness and swelling associated with AS and therefore cut down hurting and stiffness. For illustration. Ibuprofen is a generic NSAID and is found in nonprescription hurting stand-ins such as Advil and Motrin. They normally come in tablet signifier and are taken orally. Sometimes high doses of NSAIDs are needed to keep alleviation from the symptoms of Ankylosing Spondylitis. This can present a job in that NSAIDs can do important side effects. particularly in the GI piece of land ( tummy. bowels. etc. ) . NSAIDs can do decrease in the protective mucous secretion in the tummy. which can do stomach annoyance. In clip. this can take to heartburn. gastritis every bit good as ulcers and even hemorrhage. Peoples can take other medicines. such as alkalizers. to neutralize or forestall the production of extra tummy acid or take drugs to assist coat and protect the tummy and aid reconstruct the lost mucous secretion. Harmonizing to Spondylitis Association of America. there is a different category of NSAIDs known as COX-2 inhibitors ( or COXIBs ) have helped some patients cut down the hazard of GI complications associated with traditional NSAID therapy. An illustration of a COXIB is Celebrex ( Celecoxib ) . which is still being used to handle spondyloarthritis. Others. such as Vioxx. were pulled from the market because of possible cardiac side effects ( SAA Medication Treatments. 2009 ) . Although NSAIDs are normally the first line of medicines used to handle Ankylosing Spondylitis. sometimes they aren’t adequate to command the symptoms. NSAIDs may merely be partly effectual or the side effects excessively terrible to go on their usage. In this instance. a physician may order one of the undermentioned medicines: Sulfasalazine Sulfasalazine is one type of medicine that can be helpful to some people with this terrible disease. It is known to efficaciously command non merely hurting and joint swelling from arthritis of the little articulations. but besides the enteric lesions in inflammatory intestine disease. It comes in tablet signifier and is taken orally. Side effects are comparatively infrequent. but can include concerns. abdominal bloating. sickness and unwritten ulcers. Rarely. person being prescribed this medicine can develop bone marrow suppression. which is why it is of import to on a regular basis supervise blood counts. Methotrexate Originally developed to handle malignant neoplastic disease. this chemotherapy drug is widely used and frequently really effectual for the intervention of arthritic arthritis. When prescribed for handling Ankylosing Spondylitis. it is given in much smaller doses. Methotrexate can either be taken via a self-injectable shooting. or orally in tablet signifier. When taking amethopterin. it is besides necessary to take the vitamin folic acid in order to assist stamp down possible side effects. Oral ulcers and sickness are the most common side effects. but can be minimized by taking folic acid. Because of other possible serious side effects. the frequent monitoring of blood counts and liver trials are required. Methotrexate lowers the ability for patients to contend infection. Therefore. patients taking it should avoid contact with those who are ill. Corticosteroids Corticosteroids such as Orasone can be effectual in alleviating the redness of AS. but the side effects of long-run usage can be really terrible. Corticosteroid injections into the inflamed articulations can supply impermanent alleviation of the hurting caused by arthritis or bursitis. In cases of Achilles’ tendinitis. such injections are seldom. if of all time used because of the hazard of tearing the Achilles sinew. Besides. the utility of corticosteroid injections to alleviate the symptoms of plantar fasciitis ( list hurting ) is non clear. Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha inhibitors AS patients produce excessively much of an inflammatory substance called Tumor-Necrosis-Factor alpha ( TNF-a ) . TNF-a blockers are biologic medicines that have shown great promise in handling AS by adhering the extra TNF-a. therefore cut downing redness. TNF-a blockers slow the advancement of AS in the bulk of clinical instances. assisting many patients receive a important decrease. though non riddance. of their redness and hurting. They have been shown to be extremely effectual in handling the arthritis of the articulations and the spinal arthritis associated with Ankylosing Spondylitis. Examples of TNF? [ gt ; 5 ] blockers are: Enbrel ( etanercept [ gt ; 6 ] ) . Remicade ( infliximab [ gt ; 7 ] ) . Humira ( adalimumab [ gt ; 8 ] ) and Simponi ( Golimumab ) . Besides the frequently high cost of over $ 600 per injection. the most serious known side consequence of the TNF blockers is the fact that these drugs increase the hazard of infections. particularly TB. Therefore. a TB trial is normally required before get downing any of the TNF therapies. Patients taking the TNF medicines are advised to restrict their exposure to others who are or may be transporting a virus ( such as a cold or grippe ) or who may hold a bacterial or fungous infection. A really rare possible complication is increased frequence of malignant neoplastic disease. particularly of the blood. such as leukaemia or of the lymphatic system as in lymphoma. ( SAA Medication Treatments. 2009 ) .

Accelerated Science Program Helps Adult Students Find Healthcare Jobs Faster

Accelerated Science Program Helps Adult Students Find Healthcare Jobs Faster The older we get, the more aware we become of time remaining. We tend to become more efficient because there is less time to waste, less time to spend doing something we either a) dont want to do, or b) are capable of doing faster. If youre in the medical field, or want to be, and the above sounds like you, the Integrated Science Program (ISP) from Lifelong Learning Institute might be right for you. In a nutshell, the program focuses on one science for a full month, and then moves on to the next subject. So rather than taking four subjects at the same time for a full semester, you immerse yourself in just one subjectfocused attention on one topic. At Southern California University of Health Sciences (SCU), for example, the ISP format involves face-to-face, full-day classroom time on Saturdays and Sundays, web-based learning from home during the week, and weekly tests. Its designed especially for adult students who work. With this format, theyre able to attend classes on weekends and fit the self-study portion of the class, which includes online discussion forums, into their lives whenever they can on weekdays. At SCU, the following courses are available in the ISP format: Biochemistry LabChemistry for Allied Health Professionals (Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry combined) Lab)General Chemistry 1 2 LabHuman Anatomy and Physiology 1 2 LabHuman Biology 1 2 LabMicrobiology LabOrganic Chemistry 1 2 LabPhysics 1 2 Lab Most ISP students at SCU are working toward completing science prerequisites for health science degrees for use in the following careers: ChiropracticDentistry and Dental HygieneMedicineNursing (LPN, LVN, CNA, ADN, RN, BSN, MS, PhD)OptometryOsteopathic MedicinePharmacyPhysician AssistantPhysical TherapyPodiatric MedicineVeterinary Medicine The ISP brochure from SCU states: Immersion learning enables ISP students to easily remember the earliest lessons of the curriculum throughout the entire duration of the course. ISP students report that never before have they grasped and retained the concepts of basic sciences so completely. The accelerated format is equal to the same credit hours as traditional semester-long programs, providing nontraditional students with one more option for fitting school into their already busy lives. If youre unsure about whether or not this kind of program is right for you, plan to attend one of the monthly open houses held on Saturdays in both Los Angeles and San Francisco. Youll also find the FAQ page helpful in answering questions you have, and theres a webinar you can take that explains everything about the Integrated Science Program, including how to apply. Testimonials are also helpful when youre trying to decide on an unconventional form of study. Be sure to read what other students have said about their success with the program. Allen Grove, Abouts Expert on College Admissions, has a nice profile on Southern California University, including info about the test scores youll need to get in, the number of applicants generally accepted, enrollment numbers, costs, financial aid available, most popular majors, transfer, graduation, and retention rates, and the schools mission statement. Thats a whole lot of info in one spot. Related science topics at About.com: BiologyChemistryHealthMathematicsPhysics

Sourcing and supply chain strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Sourcing and supply chain strategy - Essay Example Often, strategies that have been already tested in practice are preferred, as they can ensure the limitation of risks involved. Similar approaches are used in modern organizations when having to manage organizational sources. In this case, two different concepts appear: the sourcing strategy and the supply chain strategy. The above two frameworks, even if they seem identical, they refer to different organizational needs. Of course, as all organizational strategies, the outsourcing strategy and the supply chain strategy have a common target: to provide to the organization a competitive advantage towards its rivals (Weele 2009). The relationship between the sourcing strategy and the supply strategy is explored in this study. Reference is made to the elements of these strategies, their requirements and their key processes. Particular emphasis is given on the parts of supply chain strategy, since the particular strategy is extensively used in modern organizations, having the power to sig nificantly support organizational growth. At this point the following issue should be highlighted: the literature published in the particular field promotes different approaches for explaining the role and the structure of the outsourcing strategy and the supply chain strategy. ... Then, the processes of each of the above strategy would be analysed using appropriate theories and examples so that the value and the implications of both these strategies to be made clear. 2.1.1 Sourcing strategy The sourcing strategy, as the supply chain strategy, focuses on specific organizational needs. Patel (2005) note that ‘the sourcing strategy defines who will fulfil various parts of the objectives as defined by the business strategy’ (Patel 2005, p.43). At the next level, ‘the activity to which the above objectives are related can be a project or a process’ (Patel 2005, p.43). Thus, the role of outsourcing with modern organizations is quite specific: to respond to the needs of particular organizational initiatives, other internal or external, which have to be developed within a short or a long period of time. From a similar point of view, Philippart et al. (2005) noted that the outsourcing strategy is used when having ‘to identify the strateg ies which will be used for sourcing the appropriate products and services’ (Philippart 2005, p.118). The potential role of outsourcing as one of the key business strategies is made clear through the following example: IBM and Dell, key competitors in the global electronics industry, have significantly decreased their costs by using outsourcing in regard ‘to their key commodities, such as memories and hard disks’ (Philippart et al 2005, p.118). In other words, if it is appropriately planned, outsourcing can help to the improvement of cost control in modern organizations, supporting the standardization of organizational performance. In 2010, Walmart introduced a new sourcing strategy based on the following

Argument analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Argument analysis - Essay Example It has been proven that obesity is connected with how easily affordable unhealthy foods are in comparison to fruits, vegetables, and healthier meats. However, there is nothing to suggest that only poor people are the ones buying the foods that are bad for the human body. Most people, regardless of their economic status, enjoy the tastes of many of these fattening snacks, such as chips and candy, and obtaining these has nothing to do with cost. If anything, if a person is rich or poor will only determine how many bags of chips or other unhealthy foods they will buy; a rich person is more liable to buy more since they can afford it. Since poor people can afford less, more of their money would go towards proper foods, like meats, instead of junk foods that cannot make meals. Cullen brings up the point that there are more convenience stores and gas stations than there are grocery stores. Convenience stores and gas stations carry only a small variety of food, â€Å"Chef Boyardee but not baby carrots (Cullen).† In lower-income neighborhoods, these places might be more common than a grocery store, but that does not mean that poor people are unwilling to drive a few extra miles to shop at a grocery store. When most people go shopping for food, regardless of the money they have, they go where they need to so that they may get what they want. If poor people want steaks, they will go and buy steaks; if rich people want hotdogs, they will buy hotdogs. Being rich or poor has nothing to do with the type of food people are willing to eat, and therefore cannot be considered a cause of obesity. Regardless of how much money a person is making, obesity is everywhere, and I find it hard to believe that every one of these obese people is poor. Each person, taking away the factor of money, will have similar eating habits as someone else. Poor people may prefer the cheaper food, but rich people can still afford more, especially of the cheap, unhealthy food. Though Cullen makes many good points, a lot of them seem to be assumptions or opinions. Her argument could be strengthened if she used citable facts and statistics to prove her points. When Is Thin Too Thin? The fashion industry is an important one, designing and displaying the fashion that will one day grace the presence of our outlet malls and fashion boutiques. Fashion models are used to present those clothes in the way that their designers intended them to be worn. As Eric Wilson points out in his article â€Å"When Is Thin Too Thin?,† part of the vision of these designers involves ghastly underweight women as the models to display these fashions. The designers of these fashions, as well as many of the agents that hire the models, claim that there is nothing wrong with the weight or health of these women. This is despite the fact that prospectors at fashion shows have the ability of counting every rib on many of the models. Beauty has blurred the line between healthy and unhealthy, and this perception needs to change. â€Å"Underweight models [and] fashion shows perpetuate an unhealthy image of beauty, encouraging eating disorders among young women (Wilson).† Women are staving themselves for their work and they are being praised for it, receiving positive feedback and proclamations of beauty. Unfortunately, this is not even the worst part. Shockingly enough, many

France and Russia Semi-Presidential Systems Analysis Essay

France and Russia Semi-Presidential Systems Analysis - Essay Example Democracy is simply understood as highly associated with freedom. On the contrary, it would be a bit harder to define authoritarianism due to the fact that it is quite supple and diverse in its form. In other words, it is very interesting to find out why some countries ended up themselves in authoritarian regime knowing the fact that there is no individual freedom associated with it. In addition, it is very complex and not everyone could substantially express their freedom. At some point, there must suppression of individual rights involved. After all, authoritarianism requires absolute obedience to authority. This is the basic requirement in authoritarian regime contrary to emancipation of individual freedom in democratic regime. In democratic regime, it is the people who have the higher authority to select among themselves somebody to be seated in the higher rank, to represent their voices. Submission therefore to this instituted authority would mean complete obedience and respect of the voice of the majority. In this case, it is always the majority wins and has ultimate right over the minority. This only means that for as long as there are minority groups, democratic regime should always subject itself to varying amendments in many aspects in governance. For instance, the emancipation of law should at some point be allowed to undergo process of voting prior to its implementation. In the legalization of abortion, democratic regime always has the chance for ratification by the majority. Substantial debates are necessary just to make sure that everybody’s possible voices on the said issue are heard. On the contrary, one could always associate authoritarianism with dictatorship, monarchy, one-man rule, autocracy and even police state. This what it means about authoritarianism being diverse. In democracy, the rulers are restricted by a constitution, law and even oppositions such as the minority group and even some insurgents. However, this is not the case in the issue of authoritarian regime. There is a repressive control of the people in authoritarianism. Seeing these definitions and illustrations of authoritarianism and democracy would somehow suggest that it would be impossible why countries remarkably engaged themselves with authoritarian regime. It is important to look at this issue in detail most especially in the case of Russia. In this paper, the proponent tries to elaborate some factors that could probably explain why Russia has slid into competitive authoritarianism. Based on history, Russia like France has semi-presidential systems. However, France chose to remain democratic but Russia decided to slide into competitive authoritarianism. There are many probable factors that one could elaborate for the reason of acquiring substantial explanation. However, in this paper, the proponent chose to discuss one of the most important factors considered to be elemental for the institution of authoritarian regime in Russia. This is th e issue concerning democratic value. Democratic value People lack democratic values. Perhaps, this is a good point to start with. In Russia, history could tell that in its archaic society, the leaders always decide for the people. People were never thought to decide among themselves and thus lacking responsibility and freedom to think of different things for the good of the country. This is a remarkable impact and

Management in Egypt Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management in Egypt - Research Paper Example The extent to which an individual can be good as a manager is influenced by a lot of factors that include but are not limited to age, region, religion, culture, gender, experience and knowledge. One of the most significant and influential among these factors is the culture that a manager belongs to. Culture sets the norms, trends and traditions upon which all business practices in a particular region base. In order to run a successful business, it is imperative that the manager fully understands and complies with the requirements of the culture that prevails in the area in which the business is conducted. There are several cultural factors that enhance an individual’s ability to manage the work. Likewise, there are many factors of cultural significance that decline the individual’s ability to manage. For example, a culture that is receptive towards external influences and elements may make it very easy for a manager to implement innovative and creative ideas in a busine ss setting. On the other hand, such a culture may easily loose the inherent goodness of the business practices as they give room to foreign elements. Therefore, in order to be successful as a manager in a particular culture, it is advisable to carry out a deep analysis of the culture and study its traits that may enhance or decline the eligibility of an individual as a manager. This paper aims at discussing the positive and negative influences of the Egyptian culture upon management. Management in Egyptian culture: Egypt has a very formal set up of business, and there are a lot of requirements of intercultural management. In order to fulfill the requirements of the intercultural management, managers need to be courteous to their maximum capacity all the time. People in power and authority need to be dealt with utmost respect and honor. Normally, the practice involves an Egyptian agent who assumes the role of an intermediary between a manager and another professional, whose basic tas k is to arrange appointments. For an individual who has business in two different cities in Egypt at one time, it is advisable to keep two different agents for each so that matters can be addressed with full formality. Agents for business can be got from the â€Å"commercial attache of the Egyptian Embassy in your country, the commercial section of your country’s embassy in Egypt, or the Egyptian Department of Commerce† (kwintessential). Formality is the key trait of business in Egypt. When people meet one another, tea or coffee is commonly served and is assumed as a symbol of hospitality. The beverage an individual offers in the business in Egypt represents the individual in person. Therefore, if the person who is offered the beverage does not accept it, he/she essentially rejects the offer maker. In order to display hospitality and comply with the requirements of ethics, it is compulsory for the guest to take at least a sip, if not drink the whole cup. Egyptians plac e a lot of emphasis on an individual’s looks and the way he carries himself. In the Egyptian culture, people are judged by their appearances. Managers are essentially people in power, so they should develop and maintain a high status. Therefore, in order for an individual to be successful and respected as a manager, it is imperative that he presents himself in a highly professional way and makes stay in some international hotel of extreme standard. Also, managers in Egypt do not differentiate between their personal and professional life. Both go side by side and often merge into each other. Managers tend to assist their subordinates in all aspects of the job. Managers

Improving Patient Services Intitiative & Standards in a Community Article

Improving Patient Services Intitiative & Standards in a Community Services Program - Article Example ll not only force an organization to develop and define its quality mission, but also ensure that the processes can be understood and actualized by all involved (Santiago, 1999; Hall et al, 2003). Several studies have shown intervention models that have improved the quality of health care and reduced the health care costs. One is the Total Quality Management (TQM) described as the â€Å"development of an organizational culture which is defined by, and supports, the constant attainment of customer satisfaction through an integrated system of tools, techniques and training† (Sashkin and Kiser, 1993 as mentioned in Walsh, Hughes & Maddox, 2002, p. 299). Since customer satisfaction is the goal of TQM, it should have an in-built culture of continuous improvement by focusing on an organisation’s activities on eradicating the causes of defective products and services which should never reach the customer. Blades (1995) discussed the Baxter Health Care Ltd. model for promoting quality improvement. The model involves coming up with pictorial signs to educate or remind staff of the high quality they need to render. These were initially used as slides for training and then turned to posters. It provides a framework for both analysis and education on quality issues, focusing on the elements of total quality management namely communication; commitment; customer focus and continuous improvement. Piette, Ellis, et al (2002) conducted a study with the purpose of determining the most effective quality of care using the facility’s ethical practices. In the study, constant monitoring and investigation ensure quality outcomes. A leadership council was formed, meeting monthly to discuss and communicate regarding corporate compliance and personnel programs, clinical outcomes reviews, and clinical issues. All committees and councils reported to the Board of Directors on the progress of their project. The study design utilized a clinical practice committee breakdown of the

The constitution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The constitution - Essay Example fectual in running a national government, so a combination of factors further pointed to the need of a stronger government than the articles of confederation provided. Congress could not provide protection for local industries because it did not have the powers, and so America’s manufacturing had failed to grow. Settlers in the west demanded a more aggressive policy on land cessions and wanted more to be done to protect them from Indian attacks2. Merchants wanted a government that could get them advantageous trade agreements abroad. While changing the Articles was not viewed as urgent among the southern and Mid-Atlantic States, their leaders too appreciated that free navigation of the Mississippi River and a solution of the dispute with Spain needed a response from a stronger government. Before the new constitution, only white males who owned property were allowed to vote. The new constitution, however, would allow all citizens to vote. It was also going to abolish slavery, meaning the propertied white would have to find an alternative source of labor3. The preamble of the federal constitution has the words ‘we the people’. These words can be interpreted to be meaning all the citizens of America. This is not true though, what it actually meant is that it excluded slaves, poor white males, women and Native Americans. These groups of people were not allowed to vote, for example. It denied congress the power to abolish the slave trade before 1808. It also required that fugitive slaves should be returned to their masters. The unrepresented groups in the American constitution include the Hawaiians, the Indians and many other ethnic minorities living widely as small minorities. A constitutional republic meant that whereas other people enjoyed the privileges brought about by the new constitution, the unrepresented did not since they were not properly recognized by the constitution. For example, the unrepresented people lost the right of suffrage. Though they

Improving Patient Services Intitiative & Standards in a Community Article

Improving Patient Services Intitiative & Standards in a Community Services Program - Article Example ll not only force an organization to develop and define its quality mission, but also ensure that the processes can be understood and actualized by all involved (Santiago, 1999; Hall et al, 2003). Several studies have shown intervention models that have improved the quality of health care and reduced the health care costs. One is the Total Quality Management (TQM) described as the â€Å"development of an organizational culture which is defined by, and supports, the constant attainment of customer satisfaction through an integrated system of tools, techniques and training† (Sashkin and Kiser, 1993 as mentioned in Walsh, Hughes & Maddox, 2002, p. 299). Since customer satisfaction is the goal of TQM, it should have an in-built culture of continuous improvement by focusing on an organisation’s activities on eradicating the causes of defective products and services which should never reach the customer. Blades (1995) discussed the Baxter Health Care Ltd. model for promoting quality improvement. The model involves coming up with pictorial signs to educate or remind staff of the high quality they need to render. These were initially used as slides for training and then turned to posters. It provides a framework for both analysis and education on quality issues, focusing on the elements of total quality management namely communication; commitment; customer focus and continuous improvement. Piette, Ellis, et al (2002) conducted a study with the purpose of determining the most effective quality of care using the facility’s ethical practices. In the study, constant monitoring and investigation ensure quality outcomes. A leadership council was formed, meeting monthly to discuss and communicate regarding corporate compliance and personnel programs, clinical outcomes reviews, and clinical issues. All committees and councils reported to the Board of Directors on the progress of their project. The study design utilized a clinical practice committee breakdown of the

William Blake English Coursework Essay Example for Free

William Blake English Coursework Essay From the poems that you have studied, what have you learnt about Blakes attitude to the treatment of children in his time? How does he try to persuade his reader to empathise with his characters? Which poem (or poems) do you think best achieve this aim, and why? One of Blakes main influences was the society in which he lived in. William Blake was born on November 28, 1757 in London. Blake was influenced by events in both the French Revolution and the Industrial Revolution, by the attitude of Jean-Jacques Rousseau. They inspired a new way of looking at the world. Blake thought that imagination was the force of art, and people thought his art was too adventurous and unconventional for that time. William Blake witnessed the effect Britains war with republican France had on society, and he talks about this in London (Songs of Experience) and The Chimney Sweeper (Songs of Experience) He had radical religious and political ideas, which led him to write Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience. In a lot of Blakes poems, he tackles the issue of child labour. After the industrial revolution, with a rise in population came a rise in the number of children being made to work. An employer could pay a child less than an adult, and children were useful for more jobs, for example when Blake wrote The Chimney Sweeper. In both of The Chimney Sweeper poems, Blake attacks the treatment of children at the time. The first one, in Songs of Innocence, shows a naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve view of how a child at the time felt. The first three stanzas are negative, starting with When my mother died when I was very young, and describing, thousands of sweepers were lockd up in coffins of black. But this poem shows children have a positive outlook on life, with the final three stanzas being positive. It talks about an Angel who set them all free. I think Blake is writing about God, and the children will be set free after being in their coffins and after death, and that all the children are happy in heaven. Blake is trying to convey the fact that the children do not fear death, perhaps because it is better than their lives. In the last stanza, Blake writes, Tom was happy warm, and he says the children are not worried as if all do their duty, they need not fear harm. This is slightly didactic, which is what a lot writing f or children was in the eighteenth century, but this last line also comes across as sarcastic and angry, as if Blake disagrees with what the children have to do in order to feel safe. The Chimney Sweeper in Songs of Experience is a contrast to The Chimney Sweeper in Songs of Innocence. In this version, Blake has taken on the persona of the chimney sweeper, and the chimney sweeper has been influenced by society. He has realised the faults of society that he had never noticed before. It still shows the children making the best out of life, but this time the chimney sweeper is questioning this, saying Because I was happy upon the heath, that They clothed me in the clothes of death. Blake is implying that because the children are happy doing these jobs, that the adults think this is doing them no harm. Religion plays a part in this poem, as it is mentioned a lot in the poem itself, saying his mother and father have gone up to the church to pray and are gone to praise the God his Priest King. Blake is conveying a message that it is hypocrisy; the mother and father in the poem are good religious people, but even so they are still exploiting the children. Another poem where Blake writes about children is The School Boy (Songs of Innocence and Experience). In this poem, Blake has written it to persuade the reader that children should not go to school, and uses phrases like O it drives all joy away! and The little ones spend their day/In sighing and dismay. Blake is trying to make the reader agree that there is something wrong with society, and that they are doing wrong by making innocent children go to school, when they should be free. At the start of the poem, Blake represents the schoolboy as a skylark (And the skylark sings with me). A skylark is associated with the morning and therefore connected to the children, and then connected to the boy himself. The skylark only sings in the sky, and the skylark is often used as a nickname for someone who is doing well, and this is why Blake used this particular bird to represent the schoolboy. Later in the poem, Blake refers to the schoolboy as a flower bud, using a metaphor to say the schoo lboy is beautiful and should be free. In The School Boy, Blake uses a contrast of positive and negative words next to each other to create an oxymoron. He uses phrases like blossoms blow away and the tender plants are stripped to highlight the fact that the schoolboy cannot experience the freedom as it has been taken away from him. The positive words are blossoms, tender and plants, but the contrast is used by adding words like blow away and stripped. The School Boy is similar to both The Chimney Sweeper poems, as Blake is attacking the way people were treating children. Blake believed that children should be free, otherwise The little ones spend their day/In sighing and dismay, and that they should not have to work or go to school (But to go to school in a summer morn,-/Oh it drives all joy away!) but to enjoy freedom and innocence. Blake refers to children in London (Songs of Experience). In the first two stanzas, Blake uses repetition and alliteration to create a mournful atmosphere. In the first stanza he uses words like wander, weakness and woe. This creates the scene of London; making it seem depressing and slow. In the second stanza, Blake repeats the phrase In every to draw attention to the points he is making, that nobody is happy and everyone is fearful. In the third stanza, Blake brings in religion, which is also clear in The Chimney Sweeper (Songs of Experience). Again, he is attacking religion, describing the church as blackning. He also refers to the chimney sweeper, saying How the Chimney-sweepers cry, which is very similar to The Chimney Sweeper and also shows he does not agree with it, by saying the children are crying. Blake says even infants are upset, with the new-born Infants tear. Blake makes the reader feel sorry for the children, by describing them crying, and using words like youthful and new-born, which makes them sound naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve and innocent, and this makes the reader agree that they shouldnt be made to feel fear or be upset. Blake also makes the reader empathise with the children and infants in Infant Joy (Songs of Innocence). Infant Joy represents an innocent baby, who has come into a world where everything is expected to be joyful and well. It is as if Blake has adopted the persona of a mother or father, writing about how the child has come into the world. Blake is saying that all babies are happy, by using phrases like I happy am and Joy is my name. He is implying the baby is joy and expects joy. The reader immediately warms to the infant, because at the time people believed babies to be sinful, but Blake wrote about them as innocent. Blake believed children only did wrong because of the effects on society, and the baby in Infant Joy is represented as not yet part of society as it has no name (Joy is my name). Blake also describes how the baby is not only happy himself, but also brings joy to others around him, by saying Thou dost smile. This is one poem where Blake writes about a child or an infant being happy, innocent and free, as most of the others describe children as being trapped or upset. Infant Sorrow (Songs of Experience) is another example of a poem like this. It is a complete contrast to Infant Joy and it is not seen from a real babys point of view, so it is not a joyful or naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve outlook on life, but it shows a more real view from the baby that is wise. The baby has been brought into a world of suffering, not joy. This world does not welcome the baby, but Blake describes how My mother groand! my father wept./Into the dangerous world I leapt. Both stanzas in the poem use a lot of plosives, like piping and bound, which makes the poem sound abrupt, and makes the reader more shocked. The phrase Like a fiend hid in a cloud, makes the baby sound like a devil in the thundercloud, and that the baby is seen as threatening and unwanted by the family. The reader automatically sympathises with the baby and the way the baby has been welcomed into the world. Many of Blakes poems highlight the treatment of the children, and I think the poems that best achieve this are the ones Blake wrote for Songs of Experience, as these are usually cynical views that draw the readers attention and makes the agree with Blake.

Negative Impact Of Playing Video Games Media Essay

Negative Impact Of Playing Video Games Media Essay Information Technology also known as I.T , refers to anything that related to computer technology , such as the internet , networking , hardware , software , or peoples that work with this technology . Research from UCLAs Higher Education Research Institute provide useful informations about the usage of video games on college campuses . These data shows that most of the college students play videos games regularly , and a small percentage use them as a primary means of entertainment and leisure . In the 2009 Freshman Survey, around 1% of respondents admitted to playing over 20 hours of videogames per week. Over 35% of the respondents stated that they play at least one hour per week. Computer games can have impact on teenagers , especially for those who spent hours after hours playing them. Games that played with a team can helps to reinforce concept of the effectiveness of teamwork . However , video games may have negative effects too . For my opinion , video games will definitely affect us as a college students . 3.1 Negative impact of playing video games Alertness Teenagers that do not have their video games playing time limit by their parents might find themselves playing until late at the night . This can result in a loss of sleep and a decrease in alertness in school. A decrease in alertness and focus at school can result in lower academic performance. HEALTH PROBLEMS If teenagers spent all of their free time playing video games, skipping meals or lose sleep because of their game play, it can negatively impact their health. The Mayo Clinic notes that teenagers who spent more than 2 hours a day in front of a television or computers might suffer from their childhood obesity. In addition, the University of Texas at Dallas also notes that the addiction can leads to medical issues , such as backaches, headaches, eyestrain and carpal tunnel syndrome pain and numbness that they might feel in their wrists, hands, shoulders and elbows. Death There are already few cases of death had been reported in the press . All linked to excessive play of video games. In the year of 2002 , a young man was found dead in the toilet of a cybercafe in Kwanju, South Korea . He was said to be previously glued to a computer, deprived of proper nutrition and sleep , also earlier in the same year, a mother in Louisiana sued Nintendo who caused her son suffered from seizures and consequently death. The report shows that he had play an average of 48 hours per week. POOR PERFORMANCE Long hours in playing video games can negatively affect teenagers performance in their school or at work if they are preoccupied with their video games or failing to work at their optimum level because they are exhausted from a late night of playing video games . The Mayo Clinic notes that teenagers who devotes more than two hours a day to television or video games might have the troubles of falling asleep, have problems paying attention than teenagers who dont spent as much time in front of the computer and video games . PREOCCUPATION Video games addiction can be harmful if teenagers are unable to participate in any outdoor activities rather than gaming . The On-Line Gamers Anonymous website notes that it may be a sign of an addiction if teenagers are constantly thinking about their next video game , devising ways just to get back to the game, abandoning former hobbies that dont related to the video games or declining social events with personal interaction because they are spending too much time on discussing the video games through the Internet. 3.2 Tips on managing teenagers media consumption Because of the popularity of video games, it can completely eliminating them from teenagers life might be difficult. But there are also few ways that can decrease the negative impact that they have on the teenagers . Know the rating of the video games that the teenagers are playing . Never install any video games equipment if necessary . Always set a limit on how often and how long teenagers is allowed to play video games. Take the time to discuss with the teenagers about the games they are playing or other media they are watching. Ask them how do they feel about and what they observe in these video games . This is an opportunity to share your feelings and grow closer with the teenagers . It is vital for teenagers to spend their time on both indoor and outdoor activities . Excessive time spent on video games may curb some outdoor activities among some of the teenagers. We might not want them to be game addicts at the cost of active outdoor pastimes. It is the responsibility of the elders to encourage teenagers to participate in outdoor activities as well, rather than sticking to the video games for all day long. Being able to monitor and control the amount of time that the teenagers spent on video games is the key to restrict the negative impacts of video games. Make sure to expose them to the right games with limited time log to benefit from this fun filled activity. 2.0 Define Peer Pressure In every day of a teenagers life , they get to experienced peer pressure in their school and the environment among them . Peer pressure means that friends trying to persuade you for doing something that you dont want to do . But maybe you want to do it and you dont have the courage and your friends talks you into it . Much research had shown that peer pressure had a much greater impact in adolescent behavior than any other factor . Try to think about it , teenagers nowadays spent most of their time with peers and family members , so the interaction is direct and much more powerful than the influences of the teachers and others authority figures . 2.1 Peer pressure risk factors : Teenagers with low self esteem Teenagers with low confidence Feeling isolate from friends or families Poor academic performance Without personal interest Peer pressure can be divided into 2 types :- Good Peer Pressure Good peer pressure can be a situation that your friends try to convince you not to do something that youre going to do because it maybe not your best interest . Good pressure is when you got pushed into something that you did not want to do but it turned out well . But for my opinion , the bad peer pressure is much more effectively towards the teenagers than the good peer pressure . Bad Peer Pressure Bad peer pressure is when you are being coerced into doing things that you did not want to do just because you friends said you should . It can be leads to experimentation with sex , alcoholic , skipping school , drugs and others high risk behavior . Your friends may had a tendency to think that they know what is the best for you . For example : if you friends offered you a stick of cigarette , you might say NO , but the real problem arises when you friends keep repeatedly asked you for doing something . Alcoholic One of the common peer pressures in school/college/university is alcoholic . I am sure that there are some of the people that sometimes dont feel like drinking , but they do because that is what everyone is doing , this is a negative form of peer pressure . Research shown that alcoholic abuse is one of the biggest problems among schools and colleges . The students usually end up with missing class , damaging property , getting injured and having unprotected sex as a result of abusing in alcohol . Nowadays , statistics shown that unsafe safe , drunk driving , and the sexually transmitted diseases are rising . All these problems are caused by the peer pressure of drinking . Drug addiction Drug addiction is another common peer pressure faced by teenagers . Initially, the teens are not aware about the adversed effect of drug addiction. When they become familiar with the adversed effect, it will be too late. This is a life threatening issues that is quite impossible to resolve. Drug addiction will ruined their futures completely.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨Ã‚   If teenagers are addicted to drugs , it can negatively impact upon the following: Marriage and relationships Home and family life Education Employment Health Personality Financial issues Unprotected Sex Sex is the common issues faced by the teenagers. Both of the boys and girls are equally affected by the sex problems. In this modern age, people love to have sex in their early age. For most of the boys , they thought that who dont like to make sex in the teenage are considered as weak and dumb, whereas Oral sex is more popular among teens. In oral sex, there is no chance of pregnancy , so that the teenagers dont considered oral sex is wrong.à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¨Ã‚   2.2 How to handle the peer pressure ? Choose the good friends that who will share the value of yours . Good friends will use positive peer pressure to help you to be your best self.   Avoid situation where your friends are doing things that you dont want to do.   Think about the reasons for doing things: Is it a good reasons? Are you really being true to yourself ? Practice to say no -always come up with excuses if it is necessary. For example you dont want to get in any troubles, damage your body or mind, or risk blowing Always Talk to your parents or a any adults about the kinds of peer pressure that you are facing and listen to their advices .   Nowadays , Peer pressure is a part of our daily life ,it can be a strong influences during the teenagerss years when peers are important to their identity.Teenagers must learn how to handle the peer pressure, and recognized when it is positive and negative . Lastly , do remember , if there are just one teenager stands up against the peer pressure, usually others will join him / her. Learning to handle peer pressure will gives teenagers more confidence and maturity.

Certified to Live :: Graduate Admissions Essays

Certified to Live    The day had finally come, and now it was over. I had worked diligently for four years, and what did I have to show for it? One measly little degree. All that work just for a piece of paper.    That night, after the graduation ceremony, I tossed and turned thinking about the past four years and what this degree meant. According to the University of Southern Mississippi Honors College, I was now certified to be a filmmaker. But what did that mean? Sure, I knew how to work a camera, edit film; I even knew the format for writing a script. I could classify movies into genres, and decipher the most complicated plots. However, these things did not ensure me a career in film. I needed talent, creativity, and drive to really be successful. I was suddenly very nervous about what I was going to do if I failed, and even got out my old college bulletin to look at other possible majors. A few more years of school did not sound so bad.    Then, I started recalling the past few years of my life. I had had so much fun in college. Staying up all night and talking with my friends, people-watching on the campus lawn, all those midnight McDonald's runs. College had been my first time to really be away from my family and friends. It had given me a chance to really come into my own, to realize the kind of person I really wanted to be. I had been able to make mistakes freely, and learn from them.    Throughout the four years, some of my professors had been wonderful. There had been my Freshman Comp. Professor who had pushed me until I finally became a good writer. My film editing instructor had always liked my work, and said she would help me to get started in the business.    The more I thought about it, the more I realized I knew.

How We Got The King James Version :: essays research papers

â€Å"The King James Version has become so sanctified by time and use that to many people it has come to be regarded as the Bible.† Our English Bible   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  James I was born in 1566 and died in 1625. He belonged to the House of Stuart along with all the other Kings of Scotland and a few from England. James I became the King of England when Elizabeth I, his cousin, died. This happened in the year 1603. When he took over the English throne, he was also the King of Scotland and ruled under the name of King James IV. He ruled both England and Scotland until he died. Charles I, James’s son, was the successor to both of the thrones. James believed in the divine right of kings, the ability to rule as a king from God, not the people. James had many thing named after him, and Jamestown is probably the most famous other that the King James Version of the Bible. James, formerly know as King James VI of Scotland, is accredited with this version of the translation of the Bible. Around 1603, James came to England for the reason of succeeding Elizabeth in the throne and became King James I. As soon as he arrived in England, the Hampton Court Conference was held for the reason to hear of the problems of the church. This conference failed its purpose, but one of the best translations of the word of God came from it. John Reynolds, president of Corpus Christi College, was the sole motivator for this new translation and he was the one that got King James to start on the translation. His immediately got James attention and he soon started the translations soon after There was one stipulation that James had and it was that there be no notes in the margins of the new book. He found all those notes to be untrue and dangerous to kings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Within Six months the general plans were drawn up and ready to be carried out. James had had to choose scholars that he thought were trustworthy and ready for the task ahead. His original list consisted of 54 of these scholars. Before it was over with, this list had dwindled down to 47. The reason for the drop in number was because of death and also some of the scholars withdrew from the work. Now that all these men had been chosen, they had to be dived up into teams. How We Got The King James Version :: essays research papers â€Å"The King James Version has become so sanctified by time and use that to many people it has come to be regarded as the Bible.† Our English Bible   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  James I was born in 1566 and died in 1625. He belonged to the House of Stuart along with all the other Kings of Scotland and a few from England. James I became the King of England when Elizabeth I, his cousin, died. This happened in the year 1603. When he took over the English throne, he was also the King of Scotland and ruled under the name of King James IV. He ruled both England and Scotland until he died. Charles I, James’s son, was the successor to both of the thrones. James believed in the divine right of kings, the ability to rule as a king from God, not the people. James had many thing named after him, and Jamestown is probably the most famous other that the King James Version of the Bible. James, formerly know as King James VI of Scotland, is accredited with this version of the translation of the Bible. Around 1603, James came to England for the reason of succeeding Elizabeth in the throne and became King James I. As soon as he arrived in England, the Hampton Court Conference was held for the reason to hear of the problems of the church. This conference failed its purpose, but one of the best translations of the word of God came from it. John Reynolds, president of Corpus Christi College, was the sole motivator for this new translation and he was the one that got King James to start on the translation. His immediately got James attention and he soon started the translations soon after There was one stipulation that James had and it was that there be no notes in the margins of the new book. He found all those notes to be untrue and dangerous to kings.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Within Six months the general plans were drawn up and ready to be carried out. James had had to choose scholars that he thought were trustworthy and ready for the task ahead. His original list consisted of 54 of these scholars. Before it was over with, this list had dwindled down to 47. The reason for the drop in number was because of death and also some of the scholars withdrew from the work. Now that all these men had been chosen, they had to be dived up into teams.

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Ultimately all connected with one global system that generates many resources for everyone's use. 3. As human activities and practices continue Nexus River, it was more off regional problem for the people living in the community. Nutrients and other chemicals that are released into human resources and public areas affect the entire system and causes many changes. They had to spend money on resolving the problem of all of those dead fish and many researchers were Involved In figuring the problem out and reaching a solution. 2.Systems In this study focuses on Interactions among human systems and those that are found In nature. Basically Interacting components that Influence one another by exchanging energy or materials. For example, the Nexus River. We don't study Isolated areas of smaller regions because environmental scientists are Interested In larger scale septets and problems, such as the global climate system. Smaller systems are part of larger systems and are ultimately all conn ected with one global system that generates many resources for everyone's use. 3.As human satellites and practices continue to affect our environment and world, we see that these interdisciplinary principles both aid scientists and somewhat cause problems. These principles show us many ways in which we are effecting the world, what factors we are changing. But also with all of these principles, this study gets very large and broad, and soon becomes a huge study. Many conflicts probably occur and even though there might be controversy between one law and the other, they are all needed in this study.